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--- lab:kubernetes_app:step_2_-_deploy_the_vms [2024/02/12 23:05] – updated user
+++ lab:kubernetes_app:step_2_-_deploy_the_vms [2024/05/13 18:16] (current) – removed user
@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-====== Step 2 - Deploy the VMs ======
-====== Create Customized Template for Ubuntu Autoinstall ======
-A custom "user-data" file is required for an unattended installation of Ubuntu. We will create this template file for use in our Ansible playbook to Generate Custom Unattended Ubuntu Install ISO.
-====== Create the variables.yml file ======
-Create a new variables.yml file in the home directory (you are the user ansible now, so it's in /home/ansible).
-Modify the file as follows:
-  * Replace the **ssh_key** with the one you saved earlier
-  * Replace the **bridge_interface_name** value with the interface of your host machine
-    * Ex., run''ip a'' and you will find the list of interfaces and IP addresses
-<file yaml variables.yml>
----
-Global:
-  bridge_interface_name: "enp8s0"
-  username: ansible
-  ssh_key: "ssh-rsa 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 autobox@autobox"
-  workingdir: "{{ lookup('env','HOME') }}/ubuntu-autoinstall"
-  inventory_file: "{{ lookup('env','HOME') }}/inventory"
-  vboxmanage_path: /usr/bin/vboxmanage
-  ubuntu_iso: https://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-server/jammy/daily-live/current/jammy-live-server-amd64.iso
-  ubuntu_iso_filename: jammy-live-server-amd64.iso
-  new_iso_filename: ubuntu-22.04-autoinstall.iso
-</file>
-====== Create the servers.yml file ======
-For this level of automation, we need to know the IP addresses of the servers. Therefore instead of relying on DHCP, we will build the servers with static IP addresses.
-These static IP addresses:
-  * are on the same subnet as your host machine
-  * need to be unique (no conflicts); assign IP addresses that are __not__ in your router's DHCP scope/range
-    * This is Linux, so static IP addresses are NOT in the DHCP scope; Windows fixed IP addresses are in the scope range
-  * are expressed in CIDR notation for the sake of the autoinstaller
-    * Ex. 192.168.1.25 with the subnet 255.255.255.0 = 192.168.1.25
-    * Ref. [[https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/subnet-cheat-sheet-24-subnet-mask-30-26-27-29-and-other-ip-address-cidr-network-references/]]
-Since we are doing static IP addresses you will also need to provide:
-  * IPv4Gateway: the IP address of your router
-    * on your host computer run ''route -n'' from Terminal/command line to see the gateway IP
-  * IPv4DNS: a DNS server
-    * on your host computer run ''nmcli device show''
-    * shows the IP4.DNS[1] address and the IP4.GATEWAY address
-    * you can always configure the Google DNS IP 8.8.8.8 here
-The Search domain should match the domain you configured on your router, if any. Or use ''lablocal'' for a safe value.
-You will also specify VM resources for each server:
-  * DiskSize in MB (10240 = 102240 MB = 10GB)
-  * MemorySize in MB (1024 = 1GB)
-  * CPUs in number of virtual cores
-You will also enter the Name (VM name), Hostname (VM's OS hostname), local sudoer username and password.
-In the following example the Lab router (192.168.99.254) provides a DNS resolver to clients.
-Lab server list
-  * 1x Controller
-    * 2 CPU cores
-    * 2 GB RAM
-    * 60 GB storage
-  * 1x SQL server node
-    * 2 CPU cores
-    * 2 GB RAM
-    * 250 GB storage
-  * 2x app nodes
-    * 1 CPU core
-    * 2 GB RAM
-    * 60 GB storage
-This consumes 6 of the 8 cores in the NUC host, 8GB of RAM and <500GB storage.
-If you have more cores, give 2 cores to each App node and add another App node for 3 total (10 cores + 2 overhead = 12 cores at least).
-<file yaml servers.yml>
----
-Server_List:
-  - Name: controller
-    Deploy: true
-    Configuration:
-      Storage:
-        DiskSize: 61440
-      Compute:
-        MemorySize: 2048
-        CPUs: 2
-      OS:
-        User: ubuntu
-        Password: "virtualbox1!"
-        Hostname: controller
-        IPv4Address: 192.168.99.201/24
-        IPv4Gateway: 192.168.99.254
-        IPv4DNS: 192.168.99.254
-        SearchDomain: lablocal
-  - Name: node1
-    Deploy: true
-    Configuration:
-      Storage:
-        DiskSize: 256000
-      Compute:
-        MemorySize: 2048
-        CPUs: 2
-      OS:
-        User: ubuntu
-        Password: "virtualbox1!"
-        Hostname: node1
-        IPv4Address: 192.168.99.202/24
-        IPv4Gateway: 192.168.99.254
-        IPv4DNS: 192.168.99.254
-        SearchDomain: lablocal
-  - Name: node2
-    Deploy: true
-    Configuration:
-      Storage:
-        DiskSize: 61440
-      Compute:
-        MemorySize: 2048
-        CPUs: 1
-      OS:
-        User: ubuntu
-        Password: "virtualbox1!"
-        Hostname: node2
-        IPv4Address: 192.168.99.203/24
-        IPv4Gateway: 192.168.99.254
-        IPv4DNS: 192.168.99.254
-        SearchDomain: lablocal
-  - Name: node3
-    Deploy: true
-    Configuration:
-      Storage:
-        DiskSize: 61440
-      Compute:
-        MemorySize: 2048
-        CPUs: 1
-      OS:
-        User: ubuntu
-        Password: "virtualbox1!"
-        Hostname: node3
-        IPv4Address: 192.168.99.204/24
-        IPv4Gateway: 192.168.99.254
-        IPv4DNS: 192.168.99.254
-        SearchDomain: lablocal
-</file>
-====== Create the fleet-user-data.j2 file ======
-Next create the jinja (j2) template used to create the user-data file for each server's automatic installer ISO image. You can customize this (e.g., the timezone).
-<file yaml fleet-user-data.j2>
-#cloud-config
-autoinstall:
-  version: 1
-  ssh:
-    install-server: true
-    allow-pw: false
-  storage:
-    layout:
-      name: lvm
-      match:
-        size: largest
-  network:
-    network:
-      version: 2
-      ethernets:
-        zz-all-en:
-          match:
-            name: "en*"
-          dhcp4: no
-          addresses: [{{ item.Configuration.OS.IPv4Address }}]
-          gateway4: {{ item.Configuration.OS.IPv4Gateway }}
-          nameservers:
-              addresses: [{{ item.Configuration.OS.IPv4DNS }}]
-  user-data:
-    disable_root: true
-    timezone: America/New_York
-    package_upgrade: true
-    packages:
-    - network-manager
-    - lldpd
-    - git
-    - python3-pip
-    - ansible
-    - arp-scan
-    users:
-      - name: {{ Global.username }}
-        primary_group: users
-        groups: sudo
-        lock_passwd: true
-        shell: /bin/bash
-        ssh_authorized_keys:
-          - "{{ Global.ssh_key }}"
-        sudo: ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL
-  ansible:
-    install_method: pip
-    package_name: ansible
-    galaxy:
-      actions:
-        - ["ansible-galaxy", "collection", "install", "community.general"]
-  late-commands:
-    - echo "{{ item.Configuration.OS.Hostname }}" > /target/etc/hostname
-    - echo "Ubuntu 22.04 LTS \nIP - $(hostname -I)\n" > /target/etc/issue
-</file>
-====== Create the Playbook to Deploy the VMs in VirtualBox while Managed by Ansible ======
-The next playbook is the one that will do all the work.
-Overview:
-  * set up working directory
-  * download the Ubuntu 20.20 server ISO (this may take some time depending on the Internet connection)
-  * create a customer bootable ISO for each server
-  * create a VM for each server with the required resources
-  * power on the new VMs in headless more
-  * add the static IP addresses assigned to the VMs to the inventory file inventory
-  * wait for the servers to boot and be configured, and finally come online
-  * add the ssh keys to the known_hosts file to enable seamless control using Ansible
-<file yaml build_fleet.yml>
----
-- hosts: localhost  # Run actions on the local machine
-  name: build_fleet.yml
-  connection: local
-  gather_facts: false
-  vars_files:
-    - variables.yml
-    - servers.yml
-  tasks:
-    - name: Create working directory
-      file:
-        path: "{{ Global.workingdir }}"
-        state: directory
-        mode: "755"
-    - name: Download the latest ISO
-      get_url:
-        url: "{{ Global.ubuntu_iso }}"
-        dest: "{{ Global.workingdir }}/jammy-live-server-amd64.iso"
-        force: false
-    - name: Create source files directory
-      file:
-        path: "{{ Global.workingdir }}/{{ item.Name }}/source-files"
-        state: directory
-        mode: "755"
-      loop: "{{ Server_List }}"
-      when: item.Deploy
-    - name: Extract ISO
-      command: "7z -y x {{ Global.workingdir }}/{{ Global.ubuntu_iso_filename }} -o{{ Global.workingdir }}/{{ item.Name }}/source-files"
-      changed_when: false
-      when: item.Deploy
-      loop: "{{ Server_List }}"
-    - name: Add write permissions to extracted files
-      command: "chmod -R +w {{ Global.workingdir }}/{{ item.Name }}/source-files"    # Using chmod as Ansible (Python) can't handle the recursion depth on the Ubuntu ISO
-      changed_when: false
-      when: item.Deploy
-      loop: "{{ Server_List }}"
-    ## Start workaround issue with Ubuntu autoinstall
-    ## Details of the issue and the workaround: https://askubuntu.com/questions/1394441/ubuntu-20-04-3-autoinstall-with-embedded-user-data-crashing-i-got-workaround
-    - name: Extract the Packages.gz file on Ubuntu ISO
-      command: "gunzip -f {{ Global.workingdir }}/{{ item.Name }}/source-files/dists/jammy/main/binary-amd64/Packages.gz --keep"
-      changed_when: false
-    ## End workaround issue with Ubuntu autoinstall
-      when: item.Deploy
-      loop: "{{ Server_List }}"
-    - name: Rename [BOOT] directory
-      command:  "mv {{ Global.workingdir }}/{{ item.Name }}/source-files/'[BOOT]' {{ Global.workingdir }}/{{ item.Name}}/BOOT"
-      changed_when: false
-      when: item.Deploy
-      loop: "{{ Server_List }}"
-    - name: Edit grub.cfg to modify menu
-      blockinfile:
-        path: "{{ Global.workingdir }}/{{ item.Name }}/source-files/boot/grub/grub.cfg"
-        create: true
-        block: |
-          menuentry "Autoinstall Ubuntu Server" {
-             set gfxpayload=keep
-             linux   /casper/vmlinuz quiet autoinstall ds=nocloud\;s=/cdrom/server/  ---
-             initrd  /casper/initrd
-          }
-        insertbefore: 'menuentry "Try or Install Ubuntu Server" {'
-        state: present
-      when: item.Deploy
-      loop: "{{ Server_List }}"
-    - name: Edit grub.cfg to set timeout to 1 second
-      replace:
-        path: "{{ Global.workingdir }}/{{ item.Name }}/source-files/boot/grub/grub.cfg"
-        regexp: '^(set timeout=30)$'
-        replace: 'set timeout=5'
-      when: item.Deploy
-      loop: "{{ Server_List }}"
-    - name: Create directory to store user-data and meta-data
-      file:
-        path: "{{ Global.workingdir }}/{{ item.Name }}/source-files/server"
-        state: directory
-        mode: "755"
-      when: item.Deploy
-      loop: "{{ Server_List }}"
-    - name: Create empty meta-data file in directory
-      file:
-        path: "{{ Global.workingdir }}/{{ item.Name }}/source-files/server/meta-data"
-        state: touch
-        mode: "755"
-      when: item.Deploy
-      loop: "{{ Server_List }}"
-    - name: Copy user-data file to directory using template
-      template:
-        src: ./fleet-user-data.j2
-        dest: "{{ Global.workingdir }}/{{ item.Name }}/source-files/server/user-data"
-        mode: "755"
-      when: item.Deploy
-      loop: "{{ Server_List }}"
-    - name: Create custom ISO
-      command: "xorriso -as mkisofs -r \
-               -V 'Ubuntu 22.04 LTS AUTO (EFIBIOS)' \
-               -o {{ Global.workingdir }}/{{ item.Name }}/{{ Global.new_iso_filename }} \
-               --grub2-mbr ../BOOT/1-Boot-NoEmul.img \
-               -partition_offset 16 \
-               --mbr-force-bootable \
-               -append_partition 2 28732ac11ff8d211ba4b00a0c93ec93b ../BOOT/2-Boot-NoEmul.img \
-               -appended_part_as_gpt \
-               -iso_mbr_part_type a2a0d0ebe5b9334487c068b6b72699c7 \
-               -c '/boot.catalog' \
-               -b '/boot/grub/i386-pc/eltorito.img' \
-               -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table --grub2-boot-info \
-               -eltorito-alt-boot \
-               -e '--interval:appended_partition_2:::' \
-               -no-emul-boot \
-               ."
-      args:
-        chdir: "{{ Global.workingdir }}/{{ item.Name }}/source-files/"
-      changed_when: false
-      when: item.Deploy
-      loop: "{{ Server_List }}"
-    - name: Remove BOOT directory
-      file:
-        path: "{{ Global.workingdir }}/{{ item.Name }}/BOOT"
-        state: absent
-      when: item.Deploy
-      loop: "{{ Server_List }}"
-    - name: Delete source files
-      file:
-        path: "{{ Global.workingdir }}/{{ item.Name }}/source-files"
-        state: absent
-      when: item.Deploy
-      loop: "{{ Server_List }}"
-    - name: Create VM
-      command: "{{ Global.vboxmanage_path }} createvm --name {{ item.Name }} --ostype Ubuntu_64 --register"
-      when: item.Deploy
-      loop: "{{ Server_List }}"
-    - name: Create VM storage
-      command: "{{ Global.vboxmanage_path }} createmedium disk --filename {{ item.Name }}.vdi --size {{ item.Configuration.Storage.DiskSize }} --format=VDI"
-      when: item.Deploy
-      loop: "{{ Server_List }}"
-    - name: Add IDE controller
-      command: "{{ Global.vboxmanage_path }} storagectl {{ item.Name }} --name IDE --add IDE --controller PIIX4"
-      when: item.Deploy
-      loop: "{{ Server_List }}"
-    - name: Attach DVD drive
-      command: "{{ Global.vboxmanage_path }} storageattach {{ item.Name }} --storagectl IDE --port 0 --device 0 --type dvddrive --medium {{ Global.workingdir }}/{{ item.Name }}/{{ Global.new_iso_filename }}"
-      when: item.Deploy
-      loop: "{{ Server_List }}"
-    - name: Add SATA controller
-      command: "{{ Global.vboxmanage_path }} storagectl {{ item.Name }} --name SATA --add SAS --controller LsiLogicSas"
-      when: item.Deploy
-      loop: "{{ Server_List }}"
-    - name: Attach drive
-      command: "{{ Global.vboxmanage_path }} storageattach {{ item.Name }} --storagectl SATA --port 0 --device 0 --type hdd --medium {{ item.Name }}.vdi"
-      when: item.Deploy
-      loop: "{{ Server_List }}"
-    - name: Boot order
-      command: "{{ Global.vboxmanage_path }} modifyvm {{ item.Name }} --boot1 disk --boot2 DVD --boot3 none --boot4 none"
-      when: item.Deploy
-      loop: "{{ Server_List }}"
-    - name: Set VM CPU, RAM, video RAM
-      command: "{{ Global.vboxmanage_path }} modifyvm {{ item.Name }} --cpus {{ item.Configuration.Compute.CPUs }} --memory {{ item.Configuration.Compute.MemorySize }} --vram 16"
-      when: item.Deploy
-      loop: "{{ Server_List }}"
-    - name: Settings 1
-      command: "{{ Global.vboxmanage_path }} modifyvm {{ item.Name}} --graphicscontroller vmsvga --hwvirtex on --nested-hw-virt on"
-      when: item.Deploy
-      loop: "{{ Server_List }}"
-    - name: Settings 2
-      command: "{{ Global.vboxmanage_path }} modifyvm {{ item.Name}} --ioapic on --pae off --acpi on --paravirtprovider default"
-      when: item.Deploy
-      loop: "{{ Server_List }}"
-    - name: Settings 3
-      command: "{{ Global.vboxmanage_path }} modifyvm {{ item.Name}} --nestedpaging on --keyboard ps2 --uart1 0x03F8 4"
-      when: item.Deploy
-      loop: "{{ Server_List }}"
-    - name: Settings 4
-      command: "{{ Global.vboxmanage_path }} modifyvm {{ item.Name}} --uartmode1 disconnected --uarttype1 16550A --macaddress1 auto --cableconnected1 on"
-      when: item.Deploy
-      loop: "{{ Server_List }}"
-    - name: Network adapter
-      command: "{{ Global.vboxmanage_path }} modifyvm {{ item.Name }} --nic1 bridged --bridgeadapter1 {{ Global.bridge_interface_name }}"
-      when: item.Deploy
-      loop: "{{ Server_List }}"
-    - name: Start the virtual machine
-      command: "{{ Global.vboxmanage_path }} startvm {{ item.Name }} --type headless"
-      when: item.Deploy
-      loop: "{{ Server_List }}"
-    - name: Add to inventory file
-      lineinfile:
-        path: "{{ Global.inventory_file }}"
-        line: "{{ item.Configuration.OS.IPv4Address.split('/')[0] }}"
-        create: true
-        regexp: "^{{ item.Configuration.OS.IPv4Address.split('/')[0] }}$"
-      when: item.Deploy
-      loop: "{{ Server_List }}"
-    - name: Wait for server availability on port 22
-      wait_for:
-        port: 22
-        host: "{{ item.Configuration.OS.IPv4Address.split('/')[0] }}"
-        state: started
-        delay: 180
-        timeout: 600
-      when: item.Deploy
-      loop: "{{ Server_List }}"
-    - name: Make sure known_hosts exists
-      file:
-        path: "{{ lookup('env','HOME') }}/.ssh/known_hosts"
-        state: touch
-    - name: Add VM to known_hosts
-      shell: ssh-keyscan -H {{ item.Configuration.OS.IPv4Address.split('/')[0] }} >> {{ lookup('env','HOME') }}/.ssh/known_hosts
-      when: item.Deploy
-      loop: "{{ Server_List }}"
-</file>
-====== Run the Playbook and Test the VMs ======
-Run the script: ''ansible-playbook build_fleet.yml''
-Do a quick ansible ping:
-  * ''ansible -i inventory all -m ping''
-====== Configure the Servers ======
-Now that the servers are built and online, we will configure the local user listed in servers.yml and update all packages. A common issue with Ubuntu 20.04 regarding DNS failed lookups will be fixed.
-Overview
-  * Extend the disk partition(s) to use all of the available disk space
-  * Enable username & password login and add the local user specified in the ''servers.yml'' file
-  * Update and upgrade all packages (rebooting as needed)
-  * Disable the DNS stub listener to prevent later issues with failed DNS lookups
-<file yaml configure_servers.yml>
----
-- hosts: all
-  name: configure_fleet.yml
-  become: true
-  vars_files:
-    - variables.yml
-    - servers.yml
-  tasks:
-    - name: Look up information by IP
-      when: item.Configuration.OS.IPv4Address.split('/')[0] == inventory_hostname
-      set_fact:
-        matching_system: "{{ item }}"
-      loop: "{{ Server_List }}"
-    - name: Wait for server to be up
-      wait_for:
-        host: "{{ inventory_hostname }}"
-        state: started
-        port: 22
-        delay: 0
-        timeout: 60
-    - name: Extend logical volume
-      command: lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv
-      when: matching_system.Configuration.Storage.DiskSize > 20470
-    - name: Resize filesystem
-      command: resize2fs /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv
-      when: matching_system.Configuration.Storage.DiskSize > 20470
-    - name: Add user
-      user:
-        name: "{{ matching_system.Configuration.OS.User }}"
-        shell: /bin/bash
-        home: "/home/{{ matching_system.Configuration.OS.User }}"
-        password: "{{ matching_system.Configuration.OS.Password | password_hash('sha512') }}"
-        groups: sudo
-        append: true
-    - name: Enable ssh password authentication step 1
-      lineinfile:
-        path: /etc/ssh/sshd_config
-        line: "PasswordAuthentication yes"
-        state: present
-        create: true
-    - name: Enable ssh password authentication step 2
-      replace:
-        path: /etc/ssh/sshd_config
-        regexp: '^\s*#+PasswordAuthentication.*$'
-        replace: "PasswordAuthentication yes"
-    - name: Enable ssh password authentication step 3
-      replace:
-        path: /etc/ssh/sshd_config
-        regexp: '^\s*#*KbdInteractiveAuthentication.*$'
-        replace: "KbdInteractiveAuthentication yes"
-    - name: restart ssh
-      service:
-        name: ssh
-        state: restarted
-    - name: Update and upgrade all apt packages
-      apt: update_cache=true force_apt_get=true state=latest
-    - name: Check if reboot is required
-      register: file
-      stat: path=/var/run/reboot-required get_md5=no
-    - name: Reboot the server if required
-      reboot:
-        reboot_timeout: 180
-      when: file.stat.exists == true
-    - name: Disable DNS stub listener
-      ini_file: dest=/etc/systemd/resolved.conf section=Resolve option=DNSStubListener value=no backup=yes
-      tags: configuration
-    - name: Restart NetworkManager
-      systemd:
-        name: NetworkManager
-        state: restarted
-    - name: Restart systemd-resolved
-      systemd:
-        name: systemd-resolved
-        state: restarted
-    - name: daemon-reload
-      systemd:
-        daemon_reload: true
-</file>
-Run the script: ''ansible-playbook -i inventory configure_fleet.yml''
-====== Test the Servers ======
-Do a quick ansible ping:
-  * ''ansible -i inventory all -m ping''
-You can ssh to the servers and confirm everything is working correctly with the correct amount of resources.
-====== Next Step ======
-Proceed to [[Step 3 - Set up Kubernetes]]
-Or back to [[Step 1 - Set up the Host]] or [[Start]].